Java Reserved Keywords:

Java has a set of keywords that are reserved words that cannot be used as variables, methods, classes, or any other identifiers.

For example: break, char, double, final

Literal:
Any constant value which can be assigned to the variable is called literal/constant.

Literals in Java is a synthetic representation of boolean, numeric, character, or string data.

Control statements in Java:

Branching–>
1.    Simple if statement
2.    if-else statement
3.    else-if ladder
4.    Nested if-statement
5.      switch

1)Syntax of if statement is given below.

if(condition) {
statement 1; //executes when condition is true
}

1.    class Student {
2.    public static void main(String[] args) {
3.    int x = 10;
4.    int y = 12;
5.    if(x+y > 20) {
6.    System.out.println(“x + y is greater than 20”);
7.    }
8.    }
9.    }

output: x + y is greater than 20

2) if-else statement

Syntax:
1.    if(condition) {
2.    statement 1; //executes when condition is true
3.    }
4.    else{
5.    statement 2; //executes when condition is false
6.    }

1.    class Student {
2.    public static void main(String[] args) {
3.    int x = 10;
4.    int y = 12;
5.    if(x+y < 10) {
6.    System.out.println(“x + y is less than      10”);
7.    }
else {
8.    System.out.println(“x + y is greater than 20”);
9.    }
10.    }
11.    }

Output: x + y is greater than 20

3) else-if ladder:

1.    if(condition 1) {
2.    statement 1; //executes when condition 1 is true
3.    }
4.    else if(condition 2) {
5.    statement 2; //executes when condition 2 is true
6.    }
7.    else {
8.    statement 3; //executes when all the conditions are false
9.    }

1.    class Student {
2.    public static void main(String[] args) {
3.    String city = “Delhi”;
4.    if(city == “Meerut”) {
5.    System.out.println(“city is meerut”);
6.    }else if (city == “Noida”) {
7.    System.out.println(“city is noida”);
8.    }else if(city == “Agra”) {
9.    System.out.println(“city is agra”);
10.    }else {
11.    System.out.println(city);
12.    }
13.    }
14.    }

Output: Delhi

4. Nested if-statement

Syntax of Nested if-statement is given below.

if(condition)
{
—->if(condition)
//statement1.1
else
//statement1.2
}
else
{
—->if(condition)
//statement2.1
else
//statement2.2

}

example:

class Student {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String address = “Delhi, India”;

if(address.endsWith(“India”)) //true
{
if(address.contains(“Meerut”))
{
System.out.println(“Your city is Meerut”);
}
else if(address.contains(“Noida”))
{
System.out.println(“Your city is Noida”);
}
else
{
System.out.println(address.split(“,”)[0]);
}
}
else
{
System.out.println(“You are not living in India”);
}
}
}

Output: Delhi

Switch Statement:

1.      switch (expression){
2.        case value1:
3.         statement1;
4.         break;
5.        .
6.        .
7.        .
8.        case valueN:
9.         statementN;
10.         break;
11.        default:
12.         default statement;
13.       }

Example:

class Student {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 2;
switch(num){
case 0:
System.out.println(“number is 0”);
break;
case 1:
System.out.println(“number is 1”);
break;
default:
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}

Output: 2